Lung cancer occurs when cells in the lung tissue grow abnormally and uncontrollably. This growth usually appears in the form of masses called tumors. If these tumors invade nearby tissues or spread through the lymphatic system, they can reach other parts of the body. This process is known as metastasis and significantly complicates the treatment process.
Lung cancer ranks among the top three cancers worldwide in terms of both incidence and mortality. It is primarily classified into two major types: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC includes subtypes such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
The small cell type tends to grow and spread rapidly and is often diagnosed at a more advanced stage. The non-small cell type develops more slowly and is typically detected at a stage more suitable for surgical intervention.
The most common cause of lung cancer is, of course, smoking. However, many other factors can increase the risk
Even individuals without the primary risk factor of smoking can develop the disease due to these contributing elements. Workers in risky environments should use protective masks and equipment.
Lung cancer usually does not present symptoms in its early stages. It is often discovered incidentally through X-rays or CT scans. Symptoms in advanced stages may include:
It is critical to consult a pulmonologist or oncologist promptly if these symptoms occur.
At Healme Clinic, the diagnostic process typically includes the following steps:
Lung cancer is staged using the TNM system:
Treatment planning is based on staging, overall patient condition, and prognosis.
This is commonly used in early-stage NSCLC cases. Procedures such as segmentectomy, lobectomy, or pneumonectomy are performed to remove the tumor and surrounding lymph nodes. At Healme Clinic, skilled thoracic surgeons aim to preserve healthy lung tissue while achieving effective outcomes.
Used both as a primary treatment in non-surgical early-stage cases and as an adjuvant therapy. Techniques include conformal radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).
A systemic drug treatment used in both SCLC and advanced NSCLC. Treatment protocols often include platinum-based combinations such as cisplatin or carboplatin.
Immunotherapies like PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors activate the immune system to fight cancer cells. They can be used alone or in combination with chemotherapy.
For patients with specific gene mutations such as EGFR, ALK, ROS1, or BRAF, targeted drugs (e.g., osimertinib, crizotinib) are administered to treat the disease effectively.
At Healme Clinic, a multidisciplinary team including oncology, surgery, radiotherapy, medical oncology, pathology, radiology, palliative care, and rehabilitation specialists collaborates to create a personalized treatment plan for each patient.
Follow-up assessments are conducted after treatment to monitor for recurrence. Palliative care programs are developed to improve quality of life. These include management of treatment side effects, pain, emphysema-related shortness of breath, and swallowing difficulties.
Healme Clinic is an internationally accredited, multidisciplinary oncology center. It offers integrated services from diagnosis to rehabilitation and follow-up. Treatment protocols align with current national and international clinical guidelines (e.g., NCCN, ESGO).
While lung cancer is a serious and potentially fatal disease, early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and a multidisciplinary approach can significantly improve patient survival and quality of life. Healme Clinic stands by patients in this journey, with state-of-the-art diagnostic tools, experienced specialists, and personalized care plans. For any health concerns, you can consult Healme Clinic’s patient advisors and expert physicians.