Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men, especially occurring in older age. Although it often progresses slowly, in some cases, it can develop into a more aggressive form. The absence of symptoms in the early stages can make diagnosis challenging; however, with the advancement of diagnostic methods, early detection has become possible. Healme Clinic offers comprehensive healthcare services for prostate cancer through a multidisciplinary approach and advanced technologies.
The prostate is a walnut-sized gland that is part of the male reproductive system. It is located just below the bladder and surrounds the urethra. Its primary function is to produce the fluid portion of semen, which helps keep sperm alive and motile. Over time, the prostate can enlarge and may lead to various conditions, including the development of cancer, especially as men age.
Prostate cancer is a malignant disease characterized by the uncontrolled and abnormal proliferation of cells in the prostate gland, forming a tumor. This type of cancer is usually adenocarcinoma and originates from the glandular cells of the prostate. While prostate cancer may remain confined to the gland in early stages, it can eventually spread to surrounding tissues and distant organs (such as bones, lungs, and liver) through metastasis.
Globally, prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men and is more frequently observed in men over the age of 50. In developed countries, routine screenings have significantly increased early diagnosis rates. In Turkey, growing awareness and early screening programs have enabled more patients to be diagnosed at earlier stages. Healme Clinic offers reliable results in prostate cancer screening through high-resolution imaging and advanced laboratory testing.
Multiple risk factors contribute to the development of prostate cancer. Although the exact cause is unknown, genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors are believed to play significant roles.
The risk of prostate cancer increases with age. It becomes particularly more common in men over 50 and is even more prevalent in those over 65.
Having a first-degree relative such as a father or brother with prostate cancer can double an individual's risk. BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations are also involved in genetic predisposition.
Prostate cancer tends to develop earlier and more aggressively in Black men, making race an important risk factor.
Male hormones such as testosterone play a role in prostate growth and cancer development. Hormonal imbalances can affect the risk of cancer.
High-fat diets, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, and alcohol use are associated with increased prostate cancer risk. Adopting a balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle can help reduce this risk.
Prostate cancer typically progresses silently in its early stages. Therefore, regular screening tests are critical. Symptoms usually emerge as the tumor grows.
Blood in urine or semen may be observed in advanced stages of the disease.
Erectile problems and pain during ejaculation may occur.
If even one of these symptoms is present, it is essential to consult a specialist. Healme Clinic aims to increase survival rates through early diagnosis.
Early diagnosis is the most critical factor in treating prostate cancer. The diagnostic process typically involves the following steps:
PSA is a protein produced by prostate cells. Elevated PSA levels in the blood may indicate prostate cancer or other prostate conditions. However, high PSA levels alone are not sufficient to confirm a cancer diagnosis.
Performed manually by a physician, this examination helps assess the size and consistency of the prostate. Any hardness or irregularity may require further evaluation.
Prostate MRI is highly valuable for detecting cancerous regions within the prostate and assessing potential spread.
In suspicious cases, tissue samples are collected using transrectal ultrasound guidance to confirm the diagnosis. Targeted (fusion) biopsy increases diagnostic accuracy.
These methods are used to determine whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Prostate cancer is staged according to tumor size and extent of spread:
The tumor is small and confined within the prostate. It often causes no symptoms and is discovered incidentally.
The cancer remains within the prostate but is larger or exists in multiple locations.
The tumor has extended beyond the prostate but has not yet spread to distant organs. It may reach the seminal vesicles.
Cancer has metastasized to lymph nodes or distant organs (e.g., bones, lungs). This stage typically presents with more pronounced symptoms.
The treatment plan is created based on the patient’s age, overall health, cancer stage, and tumor aggressiveness.
In low-risk tumors, especially in elderly patients, regular monitoring is conducted, with treatment initiated if necessary.
This treatment reduces androgen production to stop cancer cell growth. It is mainly used in advanced stages.
Used in hormone-resistant prostate cancer cases. It provides systemic treatment.
These treatments activate the body’s immune system to fight cancer. Personalized therapy options are available based on genetic profiling.
While it cannot be completely prevented, some measures can reduce the risk:
Healme Clinic offers early screening programs and lifestyle counseling for individuals at risk.
Living with prostate cancer becomes more manageable with accurate information and the right support. Patients should maintain regular follow-ups, eat healthily, seek psychological support, and prioritize physical activity.
Healme Clinic not only provides medical treatment but also delivers holistic healthcare through psychological support, nutritional counseling, and life coaching services.
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