What is Pneumothorax?
Pneumothorax is defined as the condition where air enters the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to partially or completely collapse. Normally, there is a thin layer of fluid in this space that allows the lung and chest wall to move smoothly without friction. However, when air leaks into this space, pleural pressure is disrupted and the lung cannot expand. This situation can seriously impair respiratory function and may require emergency intervention.
Pneumothorax is a significant lung condition that negatively affects quality of life and can sometimes be life-threatening. Healme Clinic offers effective solutions to patients with a multidisciplinary approach and advanced technological equipment in the diagnosis and treatment of pneumothorax.
Classification of Pneumothorax
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Spontaneous pneumothorax occurs without any known prior lung disease. It has two subtypes:
Traumatic Pneumothorax
Develops as a result of external trauma to the chest wall such as blunt trauma, penetrating injuries, rib fractures, or invasive medical procedures. Traumatic pneumothorax can be either:
Tension Pneumothorax
The most severe form of pneumothorax. Air enters the pleural space but cannot escape, causing increased pressure in the chest cavity. The lung collapses completely, and pressure on the heart and major blood vessels disrupts cardiac function. This can lead to shock and sudden death, requiring urgent treatment.
Iatrogenic Pneumothorax
Occurs accidentally during medical procedures (bronchoscopy, central venous catheter placement, biopsy, mechanical ventilation, etc.).
Causes of Pneumothorax
Smoking
Smoking is the most important factor increasing the risk of spontaneous pneumothorax, especially in young people. Cigarette smoke leads to the formation and rupture of air sacs on the lung surface.
Underlying Lung Diseases
These diseases cause structural changes and weakening of lung tissue, increasing pneumothorax risk.
Chest Trauma
Accidents, falls, sports injuries, and penetrating injuries can cause air leakage into the chest cavity.
Medical Procedures
Procedures such as bronchoscopy, lung biopsy, mechanical ventilation, and thoracentesis may cause iatrogenic pneumothorax.
Other Risk Factors
Symptoms and Signs of Pneumothorax
Sudden Chest Pain
Typically sharp, stabbing pain on the affected side, often worsening with deep breaths or coughing.
Shortness of Breath
Varies from mild to severe depending on the size of the pneumothorax and degree of lung collapse.
Cough
Usually dry cough, sometimes with blood-tinged sputum.
Decreased Breath Sounds
On physical exam, breath sounds may be reduced or absent on the affected side.
Weakness and Restlessness
Due to insufficient oxygenation, general weakness and restlessness may occur.
Additional Signs in Tension Pneumothorax
Diagnostic Methods for Pneumothorax
Physical Examination
Findings such as decreased breath sounds, hyperresonance on percussion, and tracheal deviation guide the diagnosis.
Chest X-Ray
The most commonly used method to confirm pneumothorax. Shows a clear line of air and lung collapse.
Computed Tomography (CT)
Used to detect small pneumothoraces not visible on X-ray and to evaluate accompanying lung diseases.
Ultrasound
Preferred for rapid diagnosis in emergencies and intensive care units, showing decreased or absent lung movement.
Blood Gas Analysis
Measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels to assess respiratory function impairment.
Treatment Methods of Pneumothorax
Observation for Small and Mild Pneumothorax
If the patient is stable and the pneumothorax is small, oxygen therapy and observation are usually sufficient. The air is gradually absorbed and the lung re-expands spontaneously.
Chest Tube (Thoracostomy)
For moderate or large pneumothoraces or patients with respiratory distress, a tube is inserted into the chest cavity to remove air. This is the standard treatment. At Healme Clinic, this procedure is performed by experienced teams.
Surgical Treatment
Surgery is necessary for recurrent or large air leaks. Minimally invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is preferred. The air leak is repaired, and pleurodesis (adhesion of pleural layers) is done to prevent recurrence.
Emergency Intervention for Tension Pneumothorax
Urgent decompression with a large needle or catheter is performed to release pressure, followed by chest tube placement.
Radiological Interventions
In some cases, air leak sealing and balloon occlusion methods may be applied.
Complications of Pneumothorax
Pnömotoraks Treatment Approach at Healme Clinic
Healme Clinic provides patient-specific, multidisciplinary care for pneumothorax diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis is ensured with modern imaging devices and experienced thoracic surgeons. Treatment options are carefully planned based on the patient’s overall condition.
Minimally invasive surgical techniques, chest tube applications, and intensive care facilities allow safe and effective interventions. Smoking cessation programs, respiratory rehabilitation, and regular follow-ups are also offered.
Healme Clinic operates 24/7 for emergencies and continuously works to improve the quality of life for pneumothorax patients.
Ways to Prevent Pneumothorax
Smoking Cessation
Quitting smoking is crucial as it significantly increases pneumothorax risk.
Protective Measures
Using protective equipment during sports, reducing the risk of falls from heights, and following workplace safety rules help reduce traumatic pneumothorax risk.
Regular Check-ups
People with lung diseases should have regular chest X-rays and pulmonary function tests.
Care in Medical Procedures
Examinations and interventions should be performed by specialists to minimize iatrogenic pneumothorax risk.
Pneumothorax is a condition where early diagnosis and proper treatment can lead to successful outcomes. Healme Clinic provides reliable and comprehensive healthcare services with its advanced diagnostic and treatment methods for pneumothorax patients.
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