Chest Deformities

What Are Chest Wall Deformities?

Chest wall deformities refer to conditions in which the structure or shape of the chest differs from the normal anatomy. These deformities may be congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life, potentially affecting both physical appearance and the function of the heart and lungs. Chest deformities can significantly impact quality of life, particularly during adolescence, due to both physical limitations and psychological effects.

The most common types of chest wall deformities include pectus excavatum (sunken chest) and pectus carinatum (protruding chest).

Types of Chest Wall Deformities

1. Pectus Excavatum (Sunken Chest)

Pectus excavatum is characterized by an inward depression of the breastbone (sternum) and ribs. This creates a noticeable indentation in the center of the chest. It typically becomes more pronounced during puberty and is more commonly seen in males.

This deformity may affect lung capacity and heart function, and the appearance can negatively impact social and psychological well-being.

2. Pectus Carinatum (Protruding Chest)

In pectus carinatum, the sternum protrudes outward. This condition is usually due to overgrowth of the ribs and sternum and is often observed in adolescents and athletes.

Although it usually does not cause breathing difficulties, it can lead to psychological distress due to its cosmetic appearance.

3. Other Chest Wall Deformities

Asymmetric Chest Wall: A difference in development between one side of the ribs or sternum and the other.
Syndromic Deformities: Some genetic syndromes, such as Marfan or Poland syndrome, may include chest wall anomalies.

Causes of Chest Wall Deformities

While the exact cause of chest wall deformities is often unknown, genetic factors are thought to play a significant role. The risk increases if there is a family history of similar deformities.

In some cases, developmental disorders, bone diseases, trauma, or post-surgical complications can also lead to chest wall abnormalities.

Symptoms of Chest Wall Deformities

Visible indentation or protrusion of the chest
Chest asymmetry
Shortness of breath or difficulty during physical exertion
Palpitations or chest pain
Psychological distress and low self-esteem

Diagnosis and Evaluation

Diagnosis of chest wall deformities is typically based on physical examination. However, further evaluations are necessary to determine the severity and impact:

Chest X-ray and CT Scan: Help define the structure and shape of the chest.
Echocardiography: Used to assess heart function.
Pulmonary Function Tests: Evaluate lung capacity.
Psychological Assessment: May be recommended in some cases, especially in adolescents.

Treatment Options for Chest Wall Deformities

Treatment varies depending on the type and severity of the deformity, the patient’s age, and associated symptoms.

Surgical Treatment

Nuss Procedure: A minimally invasive technique commonly used for pectus excavatum. A curved metal bar is inserted under the sternum to elevate the chest.
Ravitch Procedure: A more invasive surgery involving the reshaping of the sternum and ribs.
Surgery for Pectus Carinatum: Usually performed in severe cases or when cosmetic concerns are significant.

Orthopedic and Supportive Therapy

Vacuum Therapy: Non-invasive treatment for mild cases of pectus excavatum in younger patients using vacuum bell devices.
Chest Braces: Often used in pectus carinatum to reshape the chest wall over time.

Psychological Support

Psychological counseling is essential, especially for adolescents dealing with self-image issues due to chest wall deformities.

Chest Wall Deformity Treatment at Healme Clinic

Healme Clinic offers comprehensive and personalized treatment options for chest wall deformities with the support of experienced surgeons and advanced medical technologies. A multidisciplinary approach, detailed preoperative evaluation, and postoperative rehabilitation programs are key to helping patients achieve a healthier and more comfortable life.

Chest wall deformities can pose significant cosmetic and functional challenges. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can lead to highly successful outcomes, both physically and emotionally. Through surgical and supportive interventions, chest wall structure can be corrected, and quality of life can be significantly improved. Healme Clinic is here for you with innovative and effective solutions in this field.